Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay, is one of the most widespread oral health problems. It develops when bacteria in dental plaque break down sugars from food and produce acids.
These acids gradually remove minerals from the tooth enamel. If this process continues, the enamel becomes weakened and a cavity may eventually form. Once decay reaches the dentin, the disease can progress more rapidly toward the dental pulp.
The risk of caries depends on several factors, including diet, oral hygiene, saliva production, fluoride exposure, and the amount of time teeth remain exposed to acidic conditions.
Preventive measures such as regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste, reducing frequent sugar intake, dental examinations, and professional fluoride treatments can significantly lower the risk of tooth decay.
For dental students, understanding the caries process is essential because it forms the basis for preventive dentistry, restorative treatment, and patient education.
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